Some may disagree but I think that most historians would say that
the American experiment in democracy was a liberal experiment. The early
American leaders were heavily influenced by ideas of unalienable right of the
individual, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion,
separation of church and state, due process in law, equality under the law, and
the like. These were ideas gleaned from 18th century thinkers mainly
of the Scottish Enlightenment such as David Hume, Adam Smith along with John
Locke, Thomas Hobbes and others.
In America this grew to include graduated income taxes that tax the
wealthier more than the poor, welfare programs to aid the poor, major
government spending on education, job-retraining of the unemployed, equal
opportunity and expanded civil liberties.
Along side this in our country conservatives had strong beliefs in
tradition (particular Christian religion traditions), traditional ideas of
families, opposition to gay rights and abortion, favoring lower taxes, support
of states rights, and a strong military and aggressive foreign policy. You can
add to this believe in a small government, limited regulations, school prayer,
capital punishment and the like.
When the country was small, little government was needed and free
enterprise worked well as communities were smaller and a lot of self-regulation
took place.
In the 19th century and a few large companies began to
flex their muscle we found violent changes taking place in the economy with
most of the income going towards the power brokers; about the same amounts as
we have today. That ended with the stock market crash.
Folk on both sides of the political aisle found Keynesian economics
(supply side economics) helped them out of a yo-yo economic by putting
government policies and regulatory agencies into place. Monopolies were broken
for a more fair play in the market and government spending (and debt) spurred
growth in the economy and the American Dream seemed viable to almost all
Americans.
In the North you had more Democrats than Republicans with the
Democrats base in education and unions. Republicans then as now were supported
by business. The South was primarily Democratic but with significant conservative
beliefs – Dixie-Crats. The moderates of the South and the North made for
Democratically dominated congresses but they reflected diverse and similar
values.
Then beginning with the election of Ronald Reagan the parties began
to become more separated and combative. Reagan still reflected some Keynesian
beliefs along with most of congress but supply side economics began to take
hold. Lower taxes for the wealthy, and deregulation began to emerge and the to
dominate but there were enough moderates to keep healthy debate alive.
As I mentioned in an earlier piece the civil right movement and
policies taken during the Lyndon Johnson administration alienated the Southern
Democrats, which began to align themselves with their ideological cousins in
the north. And, Republicans became better organized politically than the
Democrats giving them congressional power.
I am currently reading Winner-Take-All
Politics by Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson. It is a major read but I
believe gives a lot of clarity to the political situation we find ourselves in
today. A situation where a large portion of the country does not clearly
understand as they did not have the experiential history of the years when we
were not so politically polarized and did not have winner take all politics and
all that goes with it.
Hacker and Pierson see this form of politics generally taking place
in the 1990’s, when radical conservatism began to dominant national discussion.
It is essentially the George W. Bush years yet I don’t think he is the one we
should focus upon as I believe he just got caught up in the flow but was not a
major architect of this style of politics.
I think we have to look at the South, perhaps in particular Texas
(but not only Texas) to find the origins of this movement. The movers and
shakers seem to be Tom DeLay “The Hammer” and “born again Christian who became
the Rep. House Majority Leader in 2003-2005; Newt Gingrich who was Rep. Speaker
of the House from 1995 to 1999 known for his “Contract with America” (one also
might want to recall the Jack Abram scandal of this era); Dick Armey, Rep.
House Majority Leader 1995 – 2003 known as an engineer of the “Republican
Revolution”; Mitch McConnell Rep. Minority Leader of the Senate 2007 – now;
Trent Lott, Rep Senate Majority Leader 2001 Jan – June; Bill First, Senate
Majority Leader 2003-2007. Add to these Bob Dole from the Mid-West, Senate
Majority Leader 1995-1996; and John McCain of the West.
To get a feel for the new Winner-Take-All agenda look at the
platform of the Texas GOP Platform of 2000 which included: a return to the gold
standard, abolishing the Federal Reserve, eradicating minimum wage and social
security (the later over time), repeal of the 16th amendment (taxes)
and the elimination of the IRS. Major players here include George Bush, Tom
DeLay, Dick Armey, and Phil Gramm.
Now comes along the Religious Right with newfound political clout
with interests in tax support of private schools (after desegregation), no to
abortion etc. Jerry Farwell was happy with his Moral Majority, which got lots
of press in little impact, and Ralph Reed’s Christian Coalition, which rated
politicians voting records according to their agenda. They boosted the
Republican ranks with more intolerant positions.
Bit the big players here come from the business world. Small
business had difficulties with regulations that were mere irritants to big
business. The National Federation of Independent Businesses had 600,000 members
at its peak. Also the Chamber of Commerce became more radicalized particularly
against the Clinton Health Plan. [e.d. I never understood this as it was in
business self interest to have a single payer plan that would save them money.]
That’s a lot of stuff and I’m not half way through their book. But
what does seem clear to me is that the entire country has made a major shift to
the left, Republicans and Democrats and the Winner-Take-All mentality is real
and destructive to the country and to debate.
The Democratic Party has contributed to this mess as well. The
Democrats have climbed into bed with big business, Wall Street and the Banking
community to get the dollars to get elected and helped continue deregulation to
the benefit of business at the expense to the people.
Government is supposed to be of the people and for the people. The
Winner-Take-All mentality has a total disregard for this major democratic
principle.
When we will be able to elect political representatives that
represent the people not special interests?
I’ll keep on reading as see what these fellas have to say.
Oh yes, back to the title. I am convinced that if you follow the trends in both parties you will find that the traditional Republican values of the 50's and 60's are far better represented by the Democratic Party today than the Republican Winner-Take-All party. But you have to understand the history and the ideology then and now.
As for the old Democrats or Progressives like myself; we are a lonely lot, with the wild idea that all of us should be winners and non of us losers in the republic.